MATLAB Project 2

NJIT Math 222

Problem 1

Consider the differential equation $$\frac{dx}{dt}=f(x)=\sin x-a\sin 4x$$ This equation has period $2\pi$, so we will consider it for $-\pi \le x\le \pi .$ Things will be clearer if we plot instead on a slightly larger interval such as $-4\le x\le 4$. When $a=0$, this equation has two equilibria per period, at $x=0$ and $x=\pi$ (considering $x=\pm \pi$ as the same point). When $a$ is large (say $a=4$) then the graph of $f(x)$ looks pretty much like $-a\sin 4x$ (mathematicians would say the second term dominates), and the system has 8 fixed points per period.

Starting with $a=0$ plot the direction field for several increasing values of $a$. You should find that at a certain value of $a$ satisfying $0.2<a<0.3$, two new equilibria appear and at a second critical value satisfying $0.8<a<1$, four more equilibria appear.

Print out enough graphs to describe what happens in each case and describe what you observe in a sentence or two. Pay attention to the changes in the neighborhood of the equilibrium $x=0$. Hint: it is useful to plot $f(x)$ for various values of $a$ as well. The website and apps from Desmos are easy to use and output beautiful graphics.

Problem 2

Graph the direction field and some solutions for the non-autonomous equation $$\frac{dx}{dt}=x-\frac{tx}{1+x^2}.$$

It is up to you to pick the range over which you plot in $x$ and $t$ in order to see the behavior.

There is a finite number of things that can happen as $t\to \mathrm{\infty }$. Describe them.